Beneficios y consideraciones de la aerotermia y el refrigerante R290
Over the past few years, energy efficiency and environmental commitment have gained unprecedented importance in the air conditioning sector. A key element in this evolution has been the air heater, a heating and cooling system that uses air as an energy source. In this context, the R290 refrigerant has gained popularity due to its environmental benefits and high performance.
R290, also known as propane, is a natural refrigerant that is increasingly being adopted in heat pumps and aerothermal systems. However, its flammability poses certain technical and safety challenges to consider during its implementation. Throughout this article, we will analyze in depth all its advantages, comparisons with other refrigerants, and the regulations that govern its use.
What is the R290 refrigerant?
R290 is a natural refrigerant gas that belongs to the group of hydrocarbons. Its composition is practically pure propane and is characterized by being a very efficient refrigerant with minimal impact on the environment. Due to these properties, it has become a viable alternative to the fluid gases traditionally used in air conditioning.
One of its main advantages is its low global warming potential (GWP). While other refrigerants, such as R32, have a GWP of 675, R290 has an index of only 3, which means its impact on climate change is practically negligible. Additionally, it does not contain compounds like chlorine or fluorine, so it is not harmful to the ozone layer.
Comparison between R290 and other refrigerants
To better understand the impact of R290 on the air heater, it is important to compare it with other large-scale refrigerants, such as R32 and R410A. You can find more information about these comparisons in our guide on aerothermal brands.
| Feature | R32 | R290 |
|---|---|---|
| Global Warming Potential (GWP) | 675 | 3 |
| FLAMMABILITY | Moderate (A2L) | Other (A3) |
| Energy Efficiency | Other | Very high |
| Compatibility with existing equipment | Good | May require changes |
| Market availability | Wide | Expanding |
As you can see, R290 surpasses R32 in terms of environmental impact and energy efficiency. However, its high flammability requires additional safety measures, which can make its implementation more complex. For more examples on refrigerants, you can check our section on reviews of the best aerothermal equipment.
Advantages of using R290 in Aerothermal
1. High energy efficiency: R290 offers higher thermal performance compared to other refrigerants, allowing aerothermal systems to reach higher temperatures with lower energy consumption.
2. Low environmental impact: Its GWP makes it one of the most environmentally friendly refrigerants available. Also, by not containing Fluorine or chlorine, it has no impact on the ozone layer.
3. Greater compatibility with hot climates: Unlike other refrigerants, R290 maintains good efficiency even in conditions of high ambient temperatures. The advantages of the air heater in hot climates are becoming increasingly recognized.
4. Being a pure gas without combining with other chemical compounds, it helps reduce damage to the internal mechanisms of the air heater.
Disadvantages and challenges of R290
Despite its benefits, R290 also presents certain disadvantages that are important to consider:
1. Flammability: Its flammability rating implies that it requires strict safety measures. In case of a leak, it can pose a risk if appropriate precautions are not taken. It is essential to be knowledgeable about handling this type of refrigerant.
2. Strict regulations: There are regulations that limit the amount of R290 refrigerant that can be used in certain closed and medium-sized systems, due to its potential hazard in case of a leak. For more information on these regulations, please see our guide on the air heater.
3. Need for equipment changes: While it is compatible with many aerothermal systems, some installations may require adjustments to ensure proper operation and safety.
Regulations and safety in the use of R290
The use of R290 is regulated at the European and national levels. Some of the most relevant regulations include:
- Regulation (EU) no. 517/2014: Known as the Gas regulations, it sets restrictions on the use of fluorinated gases and promotes more sustainable alternatives, such as R290.
- Standard EN-378: 2017: Regulates the refrigerant charge limitations in installations and sets safety protocols for handling and storage.
- Royal Decree 115/2017: Regulates the marketing, handling, and certification of professionals working with flammable refrigerant gases.
Due to its flammability, it is recommended that only certified professionals install and perform maintenance on systems using R290. Ensuring proper ventilation and compliance with established safety requirements are crucial. In our guide on aerothermal equipment, you can find recommendations on proper installation.
R290 has become an increasingly viable and popular option in the aerothermal sector due to its environmental benefits and high efficiency. Despite challenges associated with flammability, its adoption continues to rise. With correct installation and maintenance, R290 can be a durable and efficient alternative for air conditioning and heating pumps. Its positive impact on reducing global warming positions it as one of the best choices for the future of efficient and responsible air.
